1,Isingeniso

Emkhakheni we-chemistry,phenoliyinhlanganisela ebalulekile esetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nemithi, ezolimo, kanye nezimboni.Kochwepheshe bamakhemikhali, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-phenol.Kodwa-ke, kwabangewona ochwepheshe, ukuqonda impendulo yalo mbuzo kungase kubasize baqonde kangcono ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwe-phenol.

2,Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-phenol

1. I-Monophenol: Lena yindlela elula ye-phenol, eneringi ye-benzene eyodwa kuphela neqembu elilodwa le-hydroxyl.I-Monophenol ingabonisa izakhiwo ezihlukene kuye ngokuthi esikhundleni.

2. I-Polyphenol: Lolu hlobo lwe-phenol luqukethe izindandatho eziningi ze-benzene.Isibonelo, kokubili i-bisphenol ne-triphenol ama-polyphenols avamile.Lezi zinhlanganisela ngokuvamile zinezakhiwo zamakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokusebenza.

3. I-phenol esikhundleni: Kulolu hlobo lwe-phenol, iqembu le-hydroxyl lithathelwa indawo amanye ama-athomu noma amaqembu e-athomu.Isibonelo, i-chlorophenol, i-nitrophenol, njll. ama-phenol avamile ashintshwayo.Lezi zinhlanganisela ngokuvamile zinezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezikhethekile nezindlela zokusebenza.

4. I-Polyphenol: Lolu hlobo lwe-phenol lwakhiwe amayunithi amaningi e-phenol axhunywe ndawonye ngamabhondi amakhemikhali.I-Polyphenol ngokuvamile inezici ezikhethekile zomzimba kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali.

3,Inani lezinhlobo ze-phenol

Ukunemba, umbuzo wokuthi zingaki izinhlobo zama-phenol ezikhona ungumbuzo ongaphenduleki, njengoba izindlela ezintsha zokuhlanganisa zitholakala njalo futhi izinhlobo ezintsha zama-phenol zihlala zihlanganiswa.Kodwa-ke, ezinhlotsheni zama-phenol ezaziwayo manje, singazihlukanisa futhi siziqambe ngokuya ngesakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo zazo.

4,Isiphetho

Sekukonke, ayikho impendulo eqondile embuzweni wokuthi zingaki izinhlobo zama-phenol ezikhona.Kodwa-ke, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa ama-phenol ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokusekelwe ekwakhekeni kwawo kanye nezakhiwo, njengama-monophenols, ama-polyphenols, ama-phenols ashintshiwe, nama-polymeric phenols.Lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene zama-phenol zinezakhiwo ezahlukene zomzimba namakhemikhali futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nemithi, ezolimo, kanye nezimboni.